After erecting a cross at Saint-Servan on the north coast of the Gulf, Cartier tacked to the south. He first encountered the Magdalen Islands, and then set course for present-day Prince Edward Island, failing to notice that it was in fact an island. Cartier then moved on to Chaleur Bay, where he encountered some Micmacs on July 7. The talks were accompanied by a swapping of items, which history has recorded as the first act of trade between the French and Amerindians.
Initially trusting and cordial, relations were tarnished when Jacques Cartier claimed possession of the territory on July The foot cross he erected at Pointe-Penouille seemed improper to Donnacona, the Native chief. Fearing the consequences of this discontent, Cartier lied, describing the cross as an insignificant landmark. After navigating the strait separating Anticosti Island from the north shore, he set off again for Saint-Malo, where he landed on September 5.
The St. Lawrence River had not been discovered. Jacques Cartier arrived in France with two precious trophies: Domagaya and Taignoagny, the sons of Donnacona, whom he had convinced to come with him.
They told him of the St. Fifty days after putting to sea, a first vessel laid anchor off the shores of Newfoundland.
On July 26 the convoy was reunited, and exploration could begin again. On August 10, the day of St. Leaving the ship in Lake Saint-Pierre, he proceeded in a small craft to the Iroquois village, where he arrived on October 2.
Then, sailing toward the continent, he deduced the existence of the Cabot Street, skirted the Magdalen Islands, rounded the northern tip of Prince Edward Island, and put in at Chaleur Bay. Believing he had discovered the passage to Asia, he travelled to the head of the bay, but then had to backtrack.
Two Amerindians who were relatives sons of the chief Donnacona were made to embark on Cartier's ship; they accompanied the explorer on the remainder of his exploration. Following this, weather conditions prevented Cartier from making out the entrance to the St. After hunting along the north shore of this island, he finally found a passage, but was unable to travel further inland on account of strong winds and opposing tides.
There, his "gold" and "diamonds" were found to be worthless, and the colonists abandoned plans to found a settlement, returning to France after experiencing their first bitter winter.
While credited with the exploration of the St. Lawrence region, Cartier's reputation has been tarnished by his dealings with the Iroquois and abandonment of the incoming colonists as he fled the New World.
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