Further confirmation is found in the brief and off-the-record hearings on appropriations for CIA. Aside from the discussions of normal departmental expenses for CIA as a whole, approval was given to the unvouchered funds requested by the Director of Central Intelligence mainly for the specific purposes of conducting clandestine intelligence operations outside the United States.
We believe that there was no intent to use either the vouchered or unvouchered funds for M. Either of these activities would require establishment of a new branch of office, employment of considerable personnel, the procurement of huge quantities of all types of goods and materials, and large sums for expenses of administrative support and incidentals.
We believe this would be an authorized use of the funds made available to CIA. It is our conclusion, therefore, that neither M.
There is, however, one function now being properly performed by CIA which is so closely related to the matters discussed above as to be mentioned in connection therewith.
An important by-product of the clandestine intelligence function is the acquisition of extensive information on plans in Western Europe for establishment of resistance movements in the event of further extension of Communist control.
It is on such groups that M. It is felt that this body of information might be the basis for consideration by the National Security Council, or a sub-committee thereof, in order to form a basic policy of cooperation with planned or actual resistance movements and to assign the implementation of such policy to the proper agency or body. If such implementation were then assigned to CIA, it would, we feel, still be necessary to go to Congress for authority and funds.
Lawrence R. Paragraph 3 of this draft was dropped in the final version and replaced by a paragraph that made the Director of Central Intelligence responsible for ensuring that psychological warfare operations were consistent with U. See the attachment to Document If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code.
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Edgar Hoover J. Pentagon The Pentagon is the Virginia headquarters of the U. Checks and Balances The system of checks and balances in government was developed to ensure that no one branch of government would become too powerful. Three Branches of Government The three branches of the U. See More. There on the front page was his name in headlines and under that the by-line, Walter J. Trohan went on to imply that the new unit would undermine J.
Edgar Hoover. Phillips Oppenheim. The article, in short, was more than a leak. It was a hatchet job. Donovan finished reading it and called his executive officer, Colonel Ole Doering. Edgar Hoover had personally handed the memorandum to Trohan. Donovan never said a word. Roosevelt did say a word. The President called that afternoon to say that he wanted the whole thing shoved under the rug for as long as the shock waves reverberated.
Seven weeks later, Roosevelt judged that the heat was off and released a letter to Donovan giving the plan his general approval and asking Donovan to get comments from members of the Cabinet and other government officials. It was too late. A week later, Roosevelt was dead. The chief features were as follows:. First, the director of the new agency would report only to the President. Meaning: power. Meaning: it would have its own sources of information, including spies. Edgar Hoover as the newspaper revelation implied.
In summary, it was to be the wartime OSS taken from under the jealous eye of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and given the independent power to issue orders to G-2, ONI, the intelligence branch of the Department of State—and to the extent to which J. Still, it was pretty strong stuff.
Would Roosevelt have accepted the plan if he had lived? We know only that Donovan thought so. He was in Paris the day Roosevelt died. One of his deputies, Colonel Ned Buxton, talked to him that evening. He was, however, to make one more try.
Shaheen sat down in mild shock while Donovan related a story. There had been that sensationalized prewar investigation of the munitions industry, conducted by Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota, in which Donovan had acted as counsel for the Du Pont Company, one of the firms most heavily attacked. I tell you John, I learned something.
Shaheen rose. But the new President, Harry Truman, was annoyed. On September 20, , the publicity campaign was cut short. While the pro-OSS publicity was at its height, Donovan had written a letter announcing his wish to return to private life. Thirty years later, it seems odd that this last plea for his old outfit should have been addressed not to the President of the United States but to Harold B.
Smith, Director of the Bureau of the Budget. But it was, at the time, not at all an odd thing to do. As the war ended and the mind of Harry Truman turned to problems of demobilization and reorganization for peace, Harold B. Smith became for a few weeks a very powerful man. He was the one man to whom Truman could turn who knew where everything was and where it had been before.
OSS appalled the neatminded Smith. Here was an agency which was part research, part spies, part propaganda, part paratroopers, part saboteurs and forgers, all mixed up together in such fashion that it was impossible to reduce it to a chart. Smith came at once to a solution:. Put the research professors and analysts under the State Department, he advised Truman; put the spies and propagandists and forgers under the War Department and let the paratroopers and saboteurs go home.
For the next four months, the Smith formula of separated functions of State and War became the United States intelligence establishment.
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