What is cholinesterase

New York: John Wiley and Sons; Katzung BG. Basic and clinical pharmacology. Barnard EA. In: The Peripheral Nervous System. Hubbard JI, editor. New York: Plenum; Quinn DM. Acetylcholinesterase: enzyme structure reaction dynamics and virtual transition states. Taylor P, Radic Z. The cholinesterases: from genes to proteins.

Comparison of the 11 S and 5. BBA- Protein. Nachmansohn D, Wilson IB. The enzymic hydrolysis and synthesis of acetylcholine. Wilson IB, Quan C. Acetylcholinesterase studies on molecular complementariness. Mooser G, Sigman DS. Ligand binding properties of acetylcholinesterase determined with fluorescent probes.

In: Boyer PD, editor. The Enzymes. New York : Academic Press ; Expression of recombinant acetylcholinesterase in a baculovirus system: kinetic properties of glutamate mutants. The 'aromatic patch' of three proximal residues in the human acetylcholinesterase active centre allows for versatile interaction modes with inhibitors. Dissection of the human acetylcholinesterase active center determinants of substrate specificity.

Identification of residues constituting the anionic site the hydrophobic site and the acyl pocket. Tougu V. Acetylcholinesterase Mechanism of Catalysis and Inhibition. Taylor P, Lappi S. Interaction of fluorescence probes with acetylcholinesterase.

Site and specificity of propidium binding. In: Cholinesterases: structure, function, mechanism, genetics, and cell biology. Massoulie J, editor. Washington: American Chemical Society; Statistical analysis trial design and duration in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: a review. Targeting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in dementia.

Giacobini E. Cholinesterase inhibitors: new roles and therapeutic alternatives. Stahl SM. The new cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease part 2: illustrating their mechanisms of action.

Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Db. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of donepezil galantamine rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease review of technology appraisal no. Rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease. Castro A, Martinez A.

Winblad B. Donepezil for severe Alzheimer's disease. A week randomized double-blind study. Safety and tolerability of donepezil 23 mg in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer's disease: Beyond cholinesterase inhibitors. Rojas-Fernandez C. Successful use of donepezil for the treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies. Malouf R, Birks J. Donepezil for vascular cognitive impairment. Assessing the prospect of donepezil in improving cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.

Expert Opin. Expert Rev. Inglis F. The tolerability and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia. Chitnis S, Rao J. Rivastigmine in Parkinsons disease dementia. Drug Metab. Three-dimensional structure of a complex of galanthamine Nivalin with acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica: Implications for the design of new anti-Alzheimer drugs.

Accurate prediction of the bound conformation of galanthamine in the active site of torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase using molecular docking. Wessler I, Kirkpatrick CJ. Acetylcholine beyond neurons the non-neuronal cholinergic system in humans. Pohanka M. Cholinesterases a target of pharmacology and toxicology.

Bajgar J. Pharmacological Aspects of the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Galantamine. Huperzine A protects isolated rat brain mitochondria against beta-amyloid peptide. Free Radical Biol. Ebrahimi A, Schluesener H. Natural polyphenols against neurodegenerative disorders potentials and pitfalls. Ageing Res. Donepezil-tacrine hybrid related derivatives as new dual binding site inhibitors of AChE.

Design synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives tethered to an edrophonium-like fragment as highly potent and selective dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Design synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin alkylamines as potent and selective dual binding site inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.

Rational design and synthesis of highly potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity huperzine A derivatives. Preparation and in vitro screening of symmetrical bispyridinium cholinesterase inhibitors bearing different connecting linkage-initial study for Myasthenia gravis implications.

Long-term donepezil treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease AD : randomised double-blind trial. Cholinesterase Inhibitors Stabilize Alzheimer's Disease. Gupta RC. Toxicology of organophosphate and carbamate compounds. Mode of action. Carbamate Insecticides Chemistry Biochemistry and Toxicology. Cleveland: CRC Press; Lotti M. The Pathogenesis of Organophosphate Polyneuropathy.

Sogorb MA, Vilanova E. Enzymes involved in the detoxification of organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides through hydrolysis. Lotti M, Moretto A.

Promotion of organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy by certain esterase inhibitors. Metcalf RL. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; Insect Control.

Kinetic and physicochemical properties of brain acetylcholinesterase from the peacock bass Cichla ocellaris and in vitro effect of pesticides and metal ions.

Pyridostigmine brain penetration under stress enhances neuronal excitability and induces early immediate transcriptional response. Protection by pyridostigmine bromide of marmoset hemi-diaphragm acetylcholinesterase activity after soman exposure.

Myasthenia gravis requiring pyridostigmine treatment in a national population cohort. In vitro kinetic interactions of pyridostigmine physostigmine and soman with erythrocyte and muscle acetylcholinesterase from different species. Aldridge WN, Reiner E. Acylated amino acids in inhibited B-esterases. Enzyme Inhibitors as Substrates.

Amsterdam : North-Holland Publishing Company; Organophosphorus Insecticides a General Introduction. Metabolism and mode of action; pp. Acetylcholinesterase engineering for detection of insecticide residues. Protein Eng. In: Organophosphorus Insecticides a General Introduction.

Effects of organophosphorus insecticides on the nervous system; pp. Occupational exposure to pesticides increases the risk of incident AD: the Cache County study. Costa LG. Current issues in organophosphate toxicology. Aldridge WN. Some properties of specific cholinesterase with particular reference to the mechanism of inhibition by diethyl p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate and analogs E Biochem.

Inhibition of AChE by malathion and some structurally similar compounds. Single and simultaneous exposure of acetylcholinesterase to diazinon, chlorpyrifos and their photodegradation products. Sittig's Handbook of Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals. New York: William Andrew Publishing; Cox C. Pesticide Reform. Levine MJ. Westport Connecticut: Praeger Publishers; Investigations of the determination and transformations of diazinon and malathion under environmental conditions using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionisation detector.

Pehkonen SO, Zhang Q. The degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in natural waters: a critical review. Dannenberg A, Pehkonen SO. Food Chem. Shemer H, Linden KG. Comparison of photocatalysis and photolysis of malathion isomalathion malaoxon and commercial malathion--Products and toxicity studies.

Water Res. Toxic effects of diazinon and its photodegradation products. Organophosphorus pesticide ozonation and formation of oxon intermediates. Inhibition of AChE by single and simultaneous exposure to malathion and its degradation products. Ethyl Parathion. The potential for toxic effects of chronic low-dose exposure to organophosphates.

Activated transformations of organophoshorus insecticides in the case of non-AChE inhibitory oxons. Increased morbidity and mortality in acute human organophosphate-poisoned patients treated by oximes: a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Applications of bioanalytical techniques in evaluating advanced oxidation processes in pesticide degradation. Trends Anal. Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. Sidell FR. Soman and sarin: clinical manifestations and treatment of accidental poisoning by organophosphates. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Glaucoma. Meiers P. History of the fluorophosphates.

Psychiatry Neurol. Savolainen K. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. USA: Academic Press; Understanding the toxic action of organophosphates; pp.

Effects of acute dimethoate administration on antioxidant status of liver and brain of experimental rats. Soltatinejad K, Abdollahi M. Current opinion on the science of organophosphate pesticides and toxic stress: a systematic review. Antioxidative role of melatonin in organophosphate toxicity in rats. Cell Biol. Lipid peroxidative damage on malathion exposure in rats. Oxidative stress in acute human poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides; a case control study.

USA : Academic Press; The metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides; pp. Biochemical evidence for free radical induced lipid peroxidation as a mechanism for subchronic toxicity of malathion in blood and liver of rats. Pesticide and oxidative stress: a review. Alteration of hepatic cells glucose metabolism as a non-holinergic detoxication mechanism in counteracting diazinon-induced oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress after acute and sub-chronic malathion intoxication in Wistar rats. Oxidative damage in intermediate syndrome of acute organophosphorus poisoning.

Indian J. Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Oxidative stress: Adaptation damage repair and death; pp. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. The effect of exposure to chlorfenvinphos on lipid metabolism and apoptotic and necrotic cells death in the brain of rats.

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

Effects of toxins and physical agents on the nervous system. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Acute poisoning. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; chap The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.

A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call for all medical emergencies. Medical Definition of cholinesterase.

Farley et al. More from Merriam-Webster on cholinesterase Britannica. Get Word of the Day daily email! Test Your Vocabulary. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Love words? Need even more definitions? Homophones, Homographs, and Homonyms The same, but different. Ask the Editors 'Everyday' vs. What Is 'Semantic Bleaching'?